KINA: Karatsuba Initiated Novel Accelerator for Ring-Binary-LWE (RBLWE)-Based Post-Quantum Cryptography

Along with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standardization process, lightweight PQC-related research, development have also gained substantial attention from research community. Ring-binary-learning-with-errors (RBLWE), a ring variant binary-LWE (BLWE), has been used to build promising PQC scheme for emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) edge computing applications, namely RBLWE-based encryption (RBLWE-ENC). The parameter settings RBLWE-ENC, however, are not in favor deploying typical fast algorithms like number theoretic transform (NTT). Following this direction, work, we propose Karatsuba initiated novel accelerator (KINA) efficient implementation RBLWE-ENC. Overall, made several coherent interdependent stages efforts carry out proposed work: 1) innovatively algorithm (KA) derive major arithmetic operation RBLWE-ENC into new form high-performance operation; 2) then effectively mapped an hardware help optimization techniques; 3) provided detailed complexity analysis comparison demonstrate superior performance KINA, e.g., design $u=2$ involves 64.71% higher throughput 15.37% less area-delay product (ADP) than state-of-the-art notation="LaTeX">$n=512$ (Virtex-7). KINA offers flexible processing speed is suitable applications IoT servers. This work expected be useful development.